Gardening Ceramsite Drainage Water Purification Ceramsite for Soilless Cultivate/Drainage Layer Plants Flower Home Decor Micro Landscape Ventilation Drainage Soilless Cultivation Soil Stone (M-8mm)

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By combining the advantages of hydraulic fracturing and acid fracturing, using proppant to fill the fracture tip that cannot be corroded by acid fluid, and using retarded acid to corrode the rest of the fracture. The compound acid fracturing can achieve full support of the fracture, especially improve the acid fracturing effect of the fracture tip.

In another beaker, take 10 g TAIC, heat it in a water bath at 40 °C, and slowly add the solution prepared in the previous step while stirring; Use a balance with a sensitivity of 0.0001 g to weigh the mass m 1 of the dry empty density bottle; Tian, X.; Schopf, A.; Amaral-Stewart, B.; Christensson, M.; Morgan-Sagastume, F.; Vincent, S. Anammox attachment and biofilm development on surface-modified carriers with planktonic- and biofilm-based inoculation. Bioresour. Technol. 2020, 317, 124030. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Coarse fraction - 10 - 20 mm - particularly useful for drainage in plant pots with large openings in the bottom through which the finer fractions could fall out.D. Fjaestad and I. Tomac, Experimental investigation of sand proppant particles flow and transport regimes through narrow slots, Powder Technol., 2019, 343, 495–511 CrossRef CAS. S. Pahari, P. Bhandakkar, M. Akbulut and J. S. I. Kwon, Optimal pumping schedule with high-viscosity gel for uniform distribution of proppant in unconventional reservoirs, Energy, 2021, 216, 119231 CrossRef CAS. Zhu, J.; You, H.; Li, Z.; Ding, Y.; Ma, B. Impacts of bio-carriers on the characteristics of soluble microbial products in a hybrid membrane bioreactor for treating mariculture wastewater. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 737, 140287. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] N. Li, J. Li, L. Zhao, Z. Luo, P. Liu and Y. Guo, Laboratory Testing on Proppant Transport in Complex-Fracture Systems, SPE Prod. Oper., 2017, 32(4), 382–391 CAS. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. Author contributions

ZL, ZZ, and HZ came up with the conception and directed the study. ZL and HZ carried out the experiments. XL and ZL performed the statistical analysis. ZL and SZ drafted the article and the final approved version to be published. All authors gave the final approval for publication and agreed to be held accountable for the work performed therein. Funding Close the outlet of the funnel with a rubber ball valve, center the brass cylinder directly below the outlet of the funnel, and pour the UDP sample into the funnel from the beaker; Different test methods were conducted on the raw materials to obtain the basic information. Firstly, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the phase composition of the raw materials. The results were shown in Supplementary Figure S1, indicating that the phases of ODCPRs included quartz, barite, calcite, and dolomite. The phases of FA contained quartz, mullite, and hematite. The main phases of RM included calcite, quartz, hematite, and boehmite; and the phases of QS were quartz and microcline.where ρ h is the bulk density of UDP, g cm −3; V is the nominal volume of the brass cylinder, cm 3. J. Zhao, Z. Liu and Y. Li, Preparation and characterization of low-density mullite-based ceramic proppant by a dynamic sintering method, Mater. Lett., 2015, 152, 72–75 CrossRef CAS. Shi, Y.; Huang, J.; Zeng, G.; Gu, Y.; Chen, Y.; Hu, Y. Exploiting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) controlling strategies for performance enhancement of biological wastewater treatments: An overview. Chemosphere 2017, 180, 396–411. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Cheng, H.; Zhu, Q.; Xing, Z. Adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in low temperature domestic wastewater by modification bentonite. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 233, 720–730. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] J. Zhao, Q. Wang, Y. Hu, L. Ren and C. Zhao, Numerical investigation of shut-in time on stress evolution and tight oil production, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 2019, 179, 716–733 CrossRef CAS.

Compared with the current conventional proppant transport evaluation equipment, the size of the experimental device designed in this study is larger. The length of the traditional transport evaluation device is about 3m [ 33], and the length of this device is as high as 7m. At the same time, the power of the displacement pump is larger, which can pump the sand carrying fluid with high displacement. At the same time, the inner wall of the tempered glass plate is rough, which can more truly simulate the transport of proppant in the fracture.

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g PX, 12 g VA and 2 g AN are added into the beaker and stirred until they are completely dissolved at room temperature (25 °C); He, P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Chen, H. Diverse zeolites derived from a circulating fluidized bed fly ash based geopolymer for the adsorption of lead ions from wastewater. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 312, 127769. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Deng, H.; Fu, Q.; Li, D.; Zhang, Y.; He, J.; Feng, D.; Zhao, Y.; Du, G.; Yu, H.; Ge, C. Microplastic-associated biofilm in an intensive mariculture pond: Temporal dynamics of microbial communities, extracellular polymeric substances and impacts on microplastics properties. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 319, 128774. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Through the visualization experiment of proppant migration, it can be seen that the shape equilibrium height and migration length of sand dike formed by single particle size proppant are not ideal, and larger equilibrium height and migration length can be obtained by using combined particle size proppant.

The core of the compound acid fracturing process is how to carry the proppant to the fracture tip, so as to improve the fracture length and conductivity. The transport of proppant in the fracture is affected by gravity, viscosity and other factors [ 30], and the proppant is distributed as a sand embankment in the fracture [ 31]. The equilibrium height of the sand dike and the position of the front edge of the sand dike are the key parameters to evaluate the transport of proppant [ 32].ZL, HZ, XL, HZ, ZZ, and SZ were employed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd. Publisher’s note Basibuyuk M., Kalat D.G. The use of waterworks sludge for the treatment of vegetable oil refinery industry wastewater. Environ. Technol. Lett. 2004;25:373–380. doi: 10.1080/09593330409355471. Discussions. In Fig. 7a, the obvious characteristic absorption peaks at 1724 cm −1 and 1236 cm −1 are C O and C–O respectively, indicating that there are a large number of ester groups in the molecular chain; the characteristic absorption peaks of C C are found at 1630 cm −1 and 1643 cm −1, indicating that there are two kinds of C C in the MX, namely, the C C from the TAIC and the VA. There is a wide peak at approximately 3590 cm −1, which is the stretching vibration peak of –OH, and there is an obvious absorption peak at 1296 cm −1, which is the stretching vibration peak of C–O in primary alcohol. J. Xu, Y. Ding, L. Yang, Z. Liu, R. Gao, H. Yang and Z. Wang, Conductivity analysis of hydraulic fractures filled with nonspherical proppants in tight oil reservoir, Energy Sci. Eng., 2020, 8(1), 166–180 CrossRef CAS.